In vitro fertilization: Procedure and success rates

At Fertilidad Integral, we know that taking the step toward an assisted reproduction treatment like in vitro fertilization (IVF) involves many questions, emotions, and important decisions. That is why we want to support you with clear, science-based information backed by our experience.

IVF is one of the most effective fertility treatments worldwide and has allowed millions of families to achieve a pregnancy when other alternatives have not worked. We explain what IVF consists of, who can benefit from this treatment, how each stage unfolds, and what you can expect during the process.

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What is In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)?

Thein vitro fertilizationis an assisted reproduction technique that involves fertilizing an egg with sperm outside the woman's body in an embryology laboratory, before transferring the embryo into the maternal uterus.

Unlike sexual intercourse or artificial insemination, where fertilization occurs inside the body, in IVF:

• Follicle growth is stimulated to obtain multiple mature oocytes
• Eggs are fertilized under controlled laboratory conditions
• Embryonic development is monitored over several days
• The embryo with the best chances of implantation is selected
• And it is transferred to the uterine cavity using a thin, flexible catheter

IVF has transformed the way families can be created.

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Brief history and evolution

Thein vitro fertilization had its first successful birthin 1978, a milestone that completely transformed the field of assisted reproduction. Since then, technological evolution, the optimization of culture media, and the development of better methods for embryo evaluation have significantly increased the chances of achieving a pregnancy.

Recently, technologies such as vitrification have optimized the preservation of embryos and eggs, and the use of artificial intelligence has made more objective and personalized embryo selection possible. These advances have consolidated IVF as a safe and highly reliable procedure for those facing reproductive difficulties.

Differences between IVF, Artificial Insemination, and ICSI

Not all fertility treatments are the same. Each one is indicated based on the cause of infertility.

IVF vs. Artificial Insemination

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The main difference betweenIVF(In vitro fertilization) andArtificial Inseminationlies in where fertilization occurs: in artificial insemination, it happens inside the woman's body, while in IVF, it is performed in the laboratory. Artificial insemination is a low-complexity treatment indicated for mild cases of infertility, such as minor semen abnormalities or irregular ovulatory cycles. In contrast, IVF is a high-complexity procedure recommended in situations such as endometriosis or low ovarian reserve, and it offers a higher probability of success.

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IVF vs. ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection)

ICSI is a technique within IVF:microinjection of a single sperm into each egg.

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Both conventional IVF and ICSI are high-complexity treatments, but they differ in the fertilization method. In IVF, eggs and sperm are placed together in the laboratory so that fertilization occurs naturally. In contrast, in ICSI, a single sperm is selected and injected directly into the egg, which makes it especially useful in cases of severe male factor infertility or when there is a history of fertilization failure with conventional IVF.

The choice between conventional IVF and ICSI is not automatic. At Fertilidad Integral, the recommendation is made after a detailed assessment of the diagnosis and reproductive potential to ensure the best strategy for each treatment.

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Who can undergo IVF?

Individuals or couples who have been trying to conceive for 6 to 12 months without success, depending on age and diagnosis. It is generally recommended when there is a factor that compromises the quality or availability of eggs, the function of the fallopian tubes, sperm health, or the ability of the egg to be fertilized spontaneously.

It is also an option for those who have experienced failures in previous procedures such as artificial insemination, as well as for single women or same-sex couples who require the support of a gamete bank to fulfill their reproductive goals.

In all cases, the indication is determined after a comprehensive medical evaluation that identifies the cause of infertility and establishes the treatment with the highest probability of success.

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Why is IVF performed and in what cases is it indicated?

Ovulatory disorders

IVF is indicated when there are ovulation disorders that prevent the regular release of mature eggs. These dysfunctions may be due to hormonal imbalances, polycystic ovary syndrome, or other factors that decrease the probability of spontaneous fertilization.

Endometriosis

In cases of endometriosis, the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus can affect egg quality, cause pelvic inflammation, or alter reproductive anatomy, making it difficult for fertilization to occur naturally. IVF allows these barriers to be bypassed and improves the chances of pregnancy.

Failures in previous treatments

When lower-complexity treatments, such as ovulation induction or artificial insemination, have not been effective after several attempts, it is recommended to move on to more effective techniques such as in vitro fertilization.

Low ovarian reserve

A decrease in the quantity and/or quality of eggs, whether due to age or specific medical conditions, significantly reduces the chances of natural pregnancy. IVF allows for the optimization of the collection and selection of available oocytes to improve reproductive outcomes.

Male infertility

Alterations in seminal parameters, such as sperm concentration, motility, or morphology, can hinder fertilization. In these cases, IVF, especially using ICSI, facilitates the union of the sperm and the egg to achieve fertilization.

Same-sex couples and single mothers

IVF offers an accessible and safe reproductive alternative for women without a male partner and for couples consisting of two women, through the use of donor sperm or other assisted reproduction options, always respecting each person's family goals.

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Types of IVF

IVF can be adapted to different clinical needs and family models through the use of own or donor gametes. The choice of treatment depends on the reproductive diagnosis and the goals of each patient or couple.

IVF with own eggs and partner's sperm

This is the most common modality when both eggs and sperm are suitable for use. Fertilization is performed in the laboratory using the couple's gametes to create an embryo that will subsequently be transferred to the maternal uterus.

IVF with own eggs and donor sperm

This is indicated when there is a male factor that severely limits sperm quality or in cases of women without a male partner. The use of donor sperm allows for the preservation of the maternal genetic contribution while ensuring optimal male gametes for the fertilization process.

IVF with donor eggs and partner's sperm

This is a recommended alternative when ovarian reserve is compromised or the eggs do not have the quality necessary to achieve a pregnancy. Egg donation allows for the use of healthy female genetic material while preserving the partner's male genetic contribution.

IVF with donor eggs and donor sperm

This option is used when neither of the patient's own gametes can be used or when it is defined by personal decision or medical indication. It provides a safe and effective path for those who wish to build a family even in the presence of complex reproductive conditions.

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Requirements and preparation before starting IVF treatment

Before starting in vitro fertilization, it is essential to undergo a complete medical evaluation and consider various factors that may influence treatment results. This stage ensures the safety of the procedure and optimizes the chances of success.

Preliminary medical tests

Preparation includes a set of tests aimed at assessing the reproductive and general health of the patients. These include hormonal profile analysis, such as anti-Müllerian hormone to measure ovarian reserve, transvaginal ultrasound to evaluate follicles, and a semen analysis to assess the quality of the sperm sample. Tests to rule out infections, blood work, and other complementary evaluations are also performed to help define the most appropriate therapeutic strategy.

Lifestyle and factors to consider

Habits such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, a sedentary lifestyle, and being overweight can affect egg, sperm, and endometrial quality. Therefore, it is recommended to adopt a healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and proper stress management. Having a body that is prepared and in optimal condition helps support the response to treatment and the progression of the pregnancy.

Psychological support

The reproductive process can be emotionally taxing due to the anticipation, the time involved, and the variability of outcomes. For this reason, we suggest considering specialized psychological support to provide you with tools to navigate the experience with greater emotional well-being. Professional support can help reduce anxiety, strengthen communication between partners, and maintain motivation throughout the treatment.

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Steps of the IVF cycle

Each stage is carried out under specialized medical supervision to ensure the safety of the procedure and optimize results.

Ovarian stimulation

In this phase, hormonal medications are administered to promote the growth of multiple follicles in the ovaries. The goal is to obtain an adequate number of mature oocytes to increase the chances of generating viable embryos. During this period, ultrasounds and hormone tests are performed to monitor ovarian response and adjust the treatment as necessary.

Follicular puncture

Once the follicles reach the appropriate size, the egg retrieval is scheduled. This procedure is performed under light sedation and consists of aspirating the oocytes using an ultrasound-guided needle. It is a brief, outpatient procedure, after which the patient can resume her usual activities with caution.

Embryo culture

After fertilization, the embryos are kept in specialized incubators that replicate optimal conditions for their development. At this stage, their progress is evaluated until they reach the blastocyst stage, between days five and six of culture. Selection is based on morphology and implantation potential criteria to choose the embryo with the best chances of success.

Embryo transfer

Finally, the selected embryo is placed into the uterine cavity using a thin catheter. This procedure is simple and does not require anesthesia. Embryo transfer can be performed in a fresh cycle or deferred throughembryo freezing, depending on clinical needs and the state of the endometrium.

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If you would like to learn more about each stage of in vitro fertilization in greater detail, you can consult our specialized article on thecomplete IVF process.

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After the procedure: what to expect

Possible mild side effects

After the transfer, some patients may experience symptoms such as mild abdominal bloating, breast tenderness, cramping, or minor pelvic discomfort. These effects are usually temporary and are related to ovarian stimulation and the use of progesterone, a hormone that supports implantation. Occasionally, light vaginal spotting may occur, which does not necessarily indicate a negative result.

Post-procedure care

During this stage, it is advisable to maintain a calm daily routine, avoiding intense physical exertion, high-impact exercise, and sexual intercourse during the first few days. It is also important to follow the prescribed medication regimen and ensure adequate rest, hydration, and stress management. If intense symptoms such as severe pain, difficulty breathing, or heavy bleeding occur, you should consult your medical team immediately.

When to take a pregnancy test

The result of the procedure is evaluated through a blood pregnancy test, generally 10 to 14 days after the embryo transfer. This test detects the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone, which indicates whether implantation was successful. A second evaluation may be necessary to confirm the proper progression of the pregnancy in the event of a positive result.

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IVF Results and Success Rates

Success in the IVF process is influenced by various biological and clinical factors, so results may vary between patients. Professional evaluation and individualized treatment design allow for optimizing the probability of achieving a viable pregnancy.

Factors Influencing Success

Dr.success of an IVF treatment depends on various elements involved in each stage of the process. Age and ovarian reserve are key factors, as they determine the quantity and quality of available eggs. Likewise, embryo quality assessed during culture, along with endometrial receptivity at the time of transfer, directly influence the possibility of implantation.

The male factor, related to sperm concentration, motility, and morphology, can also impact fertilization and may require specific techniques such as ICSI. In addition, laboratory technology, monitoring and traceability systems, and the experience of the medical team are decisive in ensuring safe procedures with higher probabilities of obtaining a favorable result.

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Average Success Rates by Age

Globally, there is a natural decline in pregnancy rates as maternal age increases:

‍These data confirm that Fertilidad Integral's results are above the recommended minimum performance levels and approach international excellence figures.

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What to do if pregnancy is not achieved?

It is important to understand that IVF may require more than one cycle to achieve success. In the event that a positive result is not obtained on the first attempt, the medical team performs a comprehensive review of the ovarian response, the best embryo quality, and endometrial conditions to adjust the approach for the next cycle. Additional strategies may also be considered, such as complementary diagnostic tests, PGT-A for preimplantation genetic testing, or medication adjustments.

Each case is analyzed individually, considering the reproductive history, diagnosis, and the goals of the individual or couple, in order to design a personalized plan aimed at achieving a healthy pregnancy and carrying it to term.

AtFertilidad Integral we understand that achieving a pregnancy may require more than one cycle, which is why we offer solutions designed to support you at every stage of the process. Our multi-cycle packages allow you to access progressive discounts for each additional cycle, while our confidence package provides financial peace of mind with coverage for up to 3 full cycles and a 50% refund guarantee if a live birth is not achieved, always subject to medical evaluation. Book your appointment to move forward on your path to motherhood with the support and security you deserve.

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Potential Risks or Complications

Ovarian Hyperstimulation

This can occur when the ovaries respond excessively to hormonal stimulation. It manifests as abdominal swelling, nausea, or fluid retention. Its incidence has been reduced thanks to constant monitoring and preventive protocols.

Multiple Pregnancy

The transfer of more than one embryo presents a higher risk of multiple gestations, which can lead to premature birth or other obstetric complications. For this reason, the transfer of a single embryo is prioritized when conditions allow.

Risks of egg retrieval or medication

Although egg retrieval is an outpatient procedure with low risk, it can cause mild discomfort, bleeding, or, in rare cases, infection. Hormonal medications may also cause temporary side effects such as breast tenderness, mood swings, or bloating.

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Clinical studies and advances in IVF with AI technology

Advances in artificial intelligence and digital monitoring have transformed assisted reproduction laboratories, allowing for more precise embryo selection and greater control over the conditions necessary for the successful development of gametes and embryos. These innovations support clinical decision-making and help improve therapeutic outcomes.

Clinical applications of artificial intelligence in embryology

AI allows for the objective analysis of parameters associated with embryonic development, such as morphology and cell division timing. Thanks to this information, it is possible to:

• Identify embryos with the highest implantation potential
• Reduce variability between human observations
• Optimize embryo selection based on each patient's clinical history
• Technological tools used in assisted reproduction

Our laboratory, a place of life and science

Dr.Fertilidad Integral laboratory has been designed to protect every stage of embryonic development with the highest scientific quality: 

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Embryo Predict

Embryo selection technology based on artificial intelligence developed by Alife Health. It evaluates images and records of embryonic development during days five and six, identifying characteristics associated with higher implantation potential. This tool complements the interpretation of the specialized team and provides a more objective assessment to the selection process.

RI Witness

Electronic identification system with RFID technology that protects the traceability of genetic material throughout the entire treatment. A unique identifier is assigned to gametes and embryos to ensure the correct handling of each sample and minimize the possibility of human error in the laboratory, guaranteeing maximum safety

PharmaWatch

Digital surveillance system 24/7 monitoring of critical variables such as temperature, humidity, and gas levels in the laboratory areas. In the event of any deviation from safety ranges, immediate alerts are issued to take preventive action and ensure optimal conditions for embryonic development and gamete preservation.

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IVF Frequently Asked Questions

What is the in vitro fertilization process like?

In vitro fertilization is carried out in several stages: ovarian stimulation, follicular puncture to retrieve eggs, fertilization in the laboratory via conventional IVF or ICSI, embryo culture, and embryo transfer to the uterus. A pregnancy test is then performed 10 to 14 days later.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of in vitro fertilization?

IVF offers high success rates and allows for the assessment of embryo quality, in addition to being an alternative for multiple causes of infertility. Its disadvantages include the cost, the need for ovarian stimulation medication, and, in rare cases, the possibility of ovarian hyperstimulation.

How safe is an IVF pregnancy?

A pregnancy achieved through IVF is as safe as one conceived naturally. At Fertilidad Integral, we offer the ConFIanza Package, a program with up to 3 IVF cycles and a financial guarantee: a 50% refund if you do not bring a baby home.

How long does an IVF pregnancy last?

The duration of the pregnancy is the same as in a natural gestation: approximately 40 weeks from the estimated date of conception or embryo transfer.

How are eggs retrieved for in vitro fertilization?

Retrieval is performed via follicular puncture. It is an outpatient procedure, ultrasound-guided, with light sedation to prevent discomfort. Recovery is quick, and the patient can generally return to her daily routine the following day.

What should I do after in vitro fertilization?

Basic care is suggested: avoid intense physical exertion, stay well-hydrated, continue prescribed medication, and attend medical check-ups. The pregnancy test is performed 10 to 14 days after the transfer. Additionally, our team at wellnessteam can design a routine that is right for you.

What happens if I don't get pregnant in the first cycle?

Further attempts are possible. Success rates increase if there are frozen embryos available for future transfers. AtFertilidad Integral, we offer multi-cycle programs and the ConFIanza Package, designed to provide greater support and better results.

What are the negative side effects of the medication?

Ovarian stimulation medications can cause mild symptoms such as abdominal bloating, breast tenderness, mood swings, or fatigue. In rare cases, ovarian hyperstimulation may occur, which is monitored and managed by the medical team.

Is it possible to achieve a natural pregnancy after IVF?

Yes. Many patients who conceive through IVF have gone on to have spontaneous pregnancies later, especially when the cause of infertility is not irreversible.

What is the success rate for a second cycle?

It depends on age and other reproductive factors, but cumulative rates increase significantly with additional cycles. The treatment strategy is adjusted after evaluating the response to the first cycle. At Fertilidad Integral, we offer personalized packages tailored to your history and needs, providing you with greater support and better chances of success.

Is bed rest required during or after treatment?

Absolute bed rest is not necessary. After the embryo transfer, moderate activity is recommended, avoiding high-impact physical activities and following medical advice.

How many embryos are obtained in an IVF cycle?

It depends on ovarian reserve and the response to stimulation. On average, between 6 and 15 eggs can be retrieved, a proportion of which will be fertilized and reach the blastocyst stage.

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Why choose Fertilidad Integral for your IVF treatment?

Choosing assisted reproduction treatment is a significant decision that deserves the support of an experienced medical team, cutting-edge technology, and comprehensive guidance throughout the entire process. 

At Fertilidad Integral, each case is evaluated individually to offer the therapeutic approach with the highest probability of success, taking into account each person's diagnosis, reproductive history, and family goals.

With locations in Mexico City,GuadalajaraandMetepecOur clinic features:

• A highly specialized embryology laboratory, equipped with artificial intelligence-based embryo monitoring and selection systems
• Strict safety and traceability protocols, such as RI Witness and PharmaWatch
• Internationally competitive success rates
• Services wellness complementary to treatment, focused on physical, mental, and emotional well-being, with therapies that promote a mind-body connection throughout the reproductive process.

AtFertilidad IntegralOur commitment is to provide a safe, humane, and reliable environment to support your journey toward motherhood and fatherhood. Schedule your fertility check-up and receive a personalized assessment with assisted reproduction specialists. 

Because your dream of becoming a mother deserves professional and compassionate support